National Counselor Exam (NCE)

What is the term used by Vygotsky to describe tasks that are too difficult for children to complete alone but can be achieved with assistance?

1. Zone of proximal development

2. Scaffolding

3. Self-regulation

4. Developmental milestone

The correct answer is: Zone of proximal development

The term used by Vygotsky to describe tasks that are too difficult for children to complete alone but can be achieved with assistance is the "zone of proximal development." This concept emphasizes the range of tasks that a learner can perform with the guidance of a more knowledgeable other, which could be a teacher, parent, or peer. The significance of this zone lies in its role in fostering cognitive development; it identifies the skills that are just beyond a child's current abilities but are achievable with support. This highlights the importance of social interactions and collaborative learning in the educational process. In the context of the other options, while "scaffolding" refers to the support mechanisms put in place to help students achieve tasks within their zone of proximal development, it is not the term Vygotsky coined. "Self-regulation" pertains to an individual's ability to manage their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors effectively, which is a separate concept from Vygotsky's focus on collaborative learning. "Developmental milestone" refers to key stages in a child's development, but it does not specifically address the idea of assistance or support in learning tasks.