National Counselor Exam (NCE)

Which emotional factor significantly affects the self-esteem of children?

1. Peer relationships

2. Parental influence

3. Cultural acceptance

4. Socioeconomic status

The correct answer is: Parental influence

Parental influence plays a significant role in shaping the self-esteem of children because parents are typically the primary caregivers and role models in a child's life. The way parents interact with their children, the messages they convey about worth and ability, and the emotional support they provide can directly impact how children view themselves. Positive reinforcement, affection, and openly expressed belief in a child's abilities foster a healthy self-esteem, while criticism, neglect, or high expectations without support can lead to feelings of inadequacy or low self-worth. Since children often internalize the feedback and behavior they receive from their parents, this influence can be foundational in building their self-perception. While peer relationships, cultural acceptance, and socioeconomic status also contribute to self-esteem, the foundational role that parents play in a child's early emotional development and worldview makes parental influence particularly significant in this context. Their direct engagement in a child's life is crucial for developing self-esteem, often setting the stage for how children handle future influences from peers, culture, or financial circumstances.